Ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye, ibikoresho bikonje birashobora kugabanywa muburyo butandukanye.Kurugero, gusa uhereye kubikorwa, gusa birimo uburyo bubiri:
Iya mbere ni ugukoresha uburyo bwa "agasanduku k'ifuro + igikapu gikonje", muri rusange bita "pack cold chain", irangwa no gukoresha pake ubwayo kugirango habeho ibidukikije bito bikwiranye no kubika igihe gito ibicuruzwa bishya.Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko ibicuruzwa byapakiwe bishobora kugabanywa ukoresheje sisitemu isanzwe yubushyuhe, kandi igiciro cyose cyibikoresho kiri hasi.
Uburyo bwa kabiri nugukoresha sisitemu yubukonje nyayo sisitemu, ni ukuvuga, kuva mububiko bukonje ku nkomoko kugeza kugemurwa ryumukiriya wanyuma, amahuriro yose yibikoresho biri mubushyuhe buke kugirango habeho urunigi rukomeza rwurunigi rukonje.Muri ubu buryo, ubushyuhe bwurunigi rukonje rugomba kugenzurwa, ubusanzwe bita "urunigi rukonje rwibidukikije".Nyamara, ibisabwa kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ibintu byose birakonje cyane, biragoye gukoresha sisitemu isanzwe y'ibikoresho kugirango ikore, kandi igiciro rusange cyo gukora ni kinini.
Ariko uko byagenda kose murwego rwo hejuru rukonje rukoreshwa, ibikoresho byinshi bishobora gukomeza gushyuha, kubika ubushyuhe, gukurura no gukurura bishobora gufatwa nkibikoresho byiza.
Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bikonjesha no gutwara abantu ni polyurethane ifuro, polypropilene ifuro na polystirene.Trailer, ibikoresho bikonjesha hamwe nububiko bukonje nabyo biboneka ahantu hose.
Polystyrene ifuro (EPS)
EPS ni polymer yoroheje.Kubera igiciro cyacyo gito, nabwo ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu murima wose wapakira, bingana na 60%.Ibisigarira bya polystirene bikozwe mugushyiramo ifuro ryinshi binyuze muburyo bwo kwaguka mbere, gukiza, kubumba, gukama no gukata.Imiterere ya cavity ifunze ya EPS igena ko ifite insuline nziza yumuriro, kandi nubushyuhe bwumuriro buri hasi cyane.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibibaho bya EPS muburyo butandukanye buri hagati ya 0.024W / mK ~ 0.041W / mK Ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ubushyuhe ningaruka zo kubika ubukonje muri logistique.
Nyamara, nkibikoresho bya termoplastique, EPS izashonga iyo ishyushye kandi igakomera iyo ikonje, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwo guhindura ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 70 ° C, bivuze ko incubator ya EPS yatunganijwe mubipfunyika ifuro igomba gukoreshwa munsi ya 70 ° C.Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru kuri 70 ° C, imbaraga z'agasanduku zizagabanuka, kandi hazavamo ibintu bifite uburozi kubera guhindagurika kwa styrene.Kubwibyo, imyanda ya EPS ntishobora kuba ikirere gisanzwe kandi ntishobora gutwikwa.
Mubyongeyeho, ubukana bwa EPS incubator ntabwo ari bwiza cyane, imikorere ya buffer nayo iragereranijwe, kandi biroroshye kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara, bityo rero ikoreshwa cyane mugihe kimwe, ikoreshwa mugihe gito, intera ndende ikonje ubwikorezi, n'inganda zikora ibiryo nk'inyama n'inkoko.Inzira n'ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo byihuse.Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibicuruzwa mubusanzwe ni bugufi, hafi 50% byibicuruzwa bya polystirene bifitemo ubuzima bwimyaka 2 gusa, naho 97% byibicuruzwa bya polystirene bifite ubuzima bwigihe kitarenze imyaka 10, bigatuma kwiyongera kwiyongera ingano y’imyanda ya EPS buri mwaka, ariko ifuro rya EPS ntabwo ryoroshye kubora no kuyitunganya, bityo rero kuri ubu niyo nyirabayazana w’umwanda wera: EPS ifite ibice birenga 60% by’imyanda yera yanduye mu nyanja!Kandi nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira kuri EPS, ibyinshi mu bikoresho bya HCFC bifata ifuro bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubira ifuro, kandi ibicuruzwa byinshi bizaba bifite umunuko.Ubushobozi bwa ozone bushobora kugabanuka bwa HCFC bukubye inshuro 1.000 za dioxyde de carbone.Kubera iyo mpamvu, kuva mu myaka ya za 2010, Umuryango w’abibumbye, Amerika, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubushinwa, Koreya yepfo, Ubuyapani, ndetse n’ibindi bihugu (imiryango) n’uturere bireba amategeko yashyizeho amategeko abuza cyangwa abuza gukoresha plastiki imwe rukumbi irimo ifuro rya polystirene , kandi Abantu bahatiye "ikarita yo gukosora".
Polyurethane ikomeye ifuro (PU Foam)
PU Foam ni polymer ndende ya polymer ikozwe muri isocyanate na polyether nkibikoresho nyamukuru, munsi yibikorwa byinyongeramusaruro zitandukanye nkibikoresho byo kubira ifuro, catalizator, retardants flame, nibindi, bivangwa nibikoresho bidasanzwe, kandi bikabira ifuro kurubuga-hejuru- gutera igitutu.Ifite ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nibikorwa bidafite amazi, kandi ifite ubushyuhe buke cyane mubikoresho byose byogukoresha ubushyuhe muri iki gihe.
Ariko, ubukana bwa PU ntabwo buhagije.Imiterere ya PU incubator iboneka mubucuruzi ahanini: ibiryo byo mu rwego rwa PE ibishishwa, kandi hagati yuzuye ni polyurethane (PU) ifuro.Iyi miterere igizwe nayo ntabwo yoroshye kuyisubiramo.
Mubyukuri, PU ikoreshwa kenshi muri firigo na firigo nkuzuza insulation.Dukurikije imibare, ibice birenga 95% bya firigo cyangwa ibikoresho bya firigo ku isi bakoresha polyurethane rigid ifuro nkibikoresho byo kubika.Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kwagura inganda zikonje, guteza imbere ibikoresho bya insimburangingo ya polyurethane bizashyirwa mu bikorwa bibiri, kimwe ni ukugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikindi ni ukunoza imitungo irinda umuriro.Ni muri urwo rwego, abakora ibikoresho byinshi bya insimburangingo ya polyurethane hamwe n’abatanga inganda zikonje zikoresha imashini zitegura ibisubizo bishya:
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bishya bya furo nka polyisocyanurate yibikoresho byinshi PIR, ibikoresho bya fenolike (PF), ikibaho cya sima ifuro hamwe nikirahure cyikirahure nacyo cyubaka ibidukikije bikingira ibidukikije kandi bizigama ingufu zibika ubukonje hamwe nibikoresho bikonje.Byakoreshejwe Kuri Sisitemu.
Polypropilene ifuro (EPP)
EPP ni ibikoresho bya kristaline cyane ya polymer ifite imikorere myiza, kandi nuburyo bwiyongera bwubwoko bushya bwibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.Ukoresheje PP nkibikoresho byingenzi, amasaro abira ifuro akorwa nubuhanga bwo kubira ifuro.Ibicuruzwa ntabwo ari uburozi kandi ntibiryoshye, kandi gushyushya ntibizatanga ibintu byuburozi, kandi birashobora guhuzwa nibiryo.Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwiza, ubushyuhe bwumuriro ni 0.039W / m · k, imbaraga za mashini nazo ziruta cyane EPS na PU, kandi mubusanzwe nta mukungugu urimo guterana cyangwa ingaruka;kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwiza nubukonje bukabije, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije -30 ° C kugeza 110 ° C.koresha hepfo.Byongeye kandi, kuri EPS na PU, uburemere bwayo bworoshye, bushobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwikintu, bityo bikagabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi.
Mubyukuri, mu gutwara iminyururu ikonje, agasanduku gapakira EPP gakoreshwa cyane nkibisanduku byo kugurisha, byoroshye koza kandi biramba, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha.Nyuma yuko itagikoreshwa, biroroshye kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha, kandi ntabwo izatera umwanda wera.Kugeza ubu, inganda nyinshi zitanga ibiryo bishya, harimo Ele.me, Meituan, na Hema Xiansheng, ahanini bahitamo gukoresha incubator ya EPP.
Mu bihe biri imbere, mu gihe igihugu n’abaturage baha agaciro gakomeye kurengera ibidukikije, umuhanda w’icyatsi wo gupakira imbeho ukonje uzihutishwa.Hano hari ibyerekezo bibiri byingenzi, kimwe muricyo gihe cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.Duhereye kuriyi ngingo, ejo hazaza ha polypropilene ifuro ryihuta.Ibikoresho biteganijwe gusimbuza ibikoresho byinshi bya polyurethane na polystirene, kandi bifite ejo hazaza heza.
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika
Kwagura ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byangirika mubipfunyika bikonje kandi nubundi buryo bwingenzi bwo gutunganya icyatsi gikonje.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko butatu bwibikoresho byangiza ibinyabuzima byateguwe: urukurikirane rwa aside polylactique PLA (harimo PLA, PGA, PLAGA, nibindi), polybutylene isimburanya PBS (harimo PBS, PBAT, PBSA, PBST, PBIAT nibindi) , polyhydroxyalkanoate ya PHA ikurikirana (harimo PHA, PHB, PHBV).Nyamara, imbaraga zo gushonga zibi bikoresho mubisanzwe usanga zikennye cyane kandi ntizishobora gukorerwa kubikoresho gakondo bikomeza kumpapuro, kandi igipimo cyo kubira ifuro ntigikwiye kuba kinini, bitabaye ibyo imitungo yibicuruzwa ifuro ikennye cyane kuburyo idashobora gukoreshwa.
Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, uburyo bwinshi bwo guhanga ifuro nabwo bwagaragaye mu nganda.Kurugero, Synbra mu Buholandi yateje imbere ibikoresho bya mbere bya polylactique aside ifata ifuro, BioFoam, ikoresheje tekinoroji yemewe mu ifuro, kandi imaze kugera ku musaruro rusange;kuyobora imbere mu gihugu Ibikoresho bikoresha ibikoresho USEON byateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryibikorwa byububiko butandukanye bwa PLA ifuro.Ihinduranya ifata ifuro hagati ya furo, ifite imikorere myiza yubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi umubiri wubutaka bukomeye kumpande zombi urashobora kuzamura imbaraga za mashini.
fibre
Ibikoresho bya fibre ninshi nicyatsi kibisi cyangirika mubikoresho byo gutwara ibintu bikonje.Nyamara, mubigaragara, incubator ikozwe mubikoresho bya fibre ntishobora kugereranwa na plastiki, kandi ubwinshi bwinshi ni bwinshi, bizanongera igiciro cyo gutwara.Mugihe kizaza, birakwiye cyane guteza imbere francisees muri buri mujyi muburyo bwa francises, ukoresheje ibikoresho byibyatsi byaho kugirango ukorere isoko ryaho ku giciro gito.
Dukurikije amakuru yatangajwe na komite ishinzwe ubukonje bwa federasiyo y’Ubushinwa n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda zita ku nganda, icyifuzo rusange cy’ibikoresho bikenerwa mu gihugu cyanjye mu mwaka wa 2019 cyageze kuri toni miliyoni 261, muri zo hakaba hakenewe ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa bikonje bikonje. Toni miliyoni 235.Inganda ziracyafite iterambere ryihuta mu gice cyumwaka.Ibi byazanye rimwe-rimwe-mubuzima amahirwe yo kwisoko mubikorwa byinshi.Mu bihe biri imbere, imishinga ifata ifuro ijyanye no gukonjesha imbeho ikenera gusobanukirwa rusange muri rusange n’inganda z’icyatsi kibisi, zizigama ingufu n’umutekano kugira ngo zibone amahirwe y’isoko kandi zibone inyungu zijyanye n’isoko rihora rihinduka.Ingamba zihoraho zo guhatanira gukora uruganda mumwanya udatsindwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2022