Inganda za polyurethane: kubona byinshi, kwirundanya cyane
Iterambere Amateka yinganda za Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PU) ni polymer resin ikorwa na polymerisation ya kanseri yimiti yibanze isocyanate na polyol.Polyurethane ifite ibyiza byimbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya abrasion, kurwanya amarira, imikorere myiza yimikorere, kurwanya amavuta no guhuza neza amaraso.Ikoreshwa cyane murugo, ibikoresho byo murugo, ubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi nizindi nganda, kandi nibikoresho byingenzi byubwubatsi.Mu 1937, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’umudage Bayer yakoresheje polyaddition ya 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate na 1,4-butanediol kugirango akore umurongo wa polyamide, wafunguye ubushakashatsi nogukoresha imiti ya polyamide.Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Ubudage bwashinze uruganda rukora polyamide rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora.Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubudage kugira ngo ritangire kubyara umusaruro n’iterambere rya polyurethane, maze inganda za polyurethane zitangira gutera imbere ku isi hose.igihugu cyanjye cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwigenga kandi giteza imbere resin ya polyurethane kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, ubu kikaba kibaye kinini ku isi n’umukoresha wa polyurethane.
Polyurethane igabanijwemo ubwoko bwa polyester n'ubwoko bwa polyether.Imiterere ya polyurethane monomer igenwa ahanini nibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru hamwe nibintu bigamije.Ubwoko bwa polyester bukorwa nigisubizo cya polyester polyol na isocyanate.Nibintu byubatswe kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora sponge ifuro, ikote hejuru hamwe nimpapuro za plastike hamwe nuburemere bwinshi nubucucike.Ubwoko bwa polyether buboneka kubisubizo byubwoko bwa polyol na isocyanate, kandi imiterere ya molekile ni igice cyoroshye.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ipamba yibikoresho bya elastique hamwe no kunyeganyega.Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya polyurethane bigezweho remix polyester na polyether polyole muburyo bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoroshye.Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya synthesis ya polyurethane ni isocyanates na polyol.Isocyanate ni ijambo rusange kuri est est zitandukanye za acide ya isocyanic, ishyizwe ku mubare w’amatsinda -NCO, harimo monoisocyanate RN = C = O, diisocyanate O = C = NRN = C = O na polyisocyanate nibindi.;irashobora kandi kugabanywa muri aliphatic isocyanates na isocyanates ya aromatic.Aromatic isocyanates kuri ubu ikoreshwa mubwinshi, nka diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) na toluene diisocyanate (TDI).MDI na TDI ni ubwoko bwingenzi bwa isocyanate.
Uruganda rwa polyurethane hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro
Ibikoresho byo hejuru bya polyurethane ni isocyanates na polyoli.Ibicuruzwa byibanze byibanze birimo plastike ya furo, elastomers, fibre plastike, fibre, ibisigazwa byuruhu rwinkweto, impuzu, ibifunga hamwe na kashe hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa byamanutse birimo ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho byo murugo, ubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, nibikenerwa bya buri munsi nizindi nganda.
Inganda za polyurethane zifite inzitizi nyinshi ku ikoranabuhanga, igishoro, abakiriya, imiyoborere n’impano, kandi inganda zifite inzitizi nyinshi zo kwinjira.
1) Inzitizi za tekiniki n’imari.Umusaruro wa isocyanates wo hejuru niwo muhuza hamwe nimbogamizi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru murwego rwa polyurethane.By'umwihariko, MDI ifatwa nkimwe mu bicuruzwa byinshi bifite inzitizi nini cyane mu nganda z’imiti.Inzira yubukorikori ya isocyanate ni ndende cyane, harimo reaction ya nitration, kugabanya reaction, aside aside, nibindi. Uburyo bwa Phosgene kuri ubu ni tekinoroji nyamukuru yo gukora inganda zikora inganda za isocyanates, kandi nuburyo nuburyo bwonyine bushobora kumenya umusaruro munini w’umusaruro munini isocyanates.Nyamara, fosgene ifite uburozi bukabije, kandi reaction igomba gukorwa mugihe gikomeye cya aside, bisaba ibikoresho byinshi kandi bigatunganywa.Byongeye kandi, ibice bya isocyanate nka MDI na TDI biroroshye kubyakira namazi bikangirika, kandi mugihe kimwe, aho gukonjesha ni muke, nikibazo gikomeye kubuhanga bwo gukora.2) Inzitizi zabakiriya.Ubwiza bwibikoresho bya polyurethane bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ibicuruzwa mu nganda zinyuranye zo hasi.Abakiriya batandukanye ntibazahindura byoroshye abatanga ibicuruzwa nyuma yo kumenya ibiranga ibicuruzwa byabo, bityo bizatera inzitizi abinjira bashya muruganda.3) Ubuyobozi n'inzitizi zimpano.Guhangana nicyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa bisabwa kubakiriya bamanuka, inganda za polyurethane zigomba gushyiraho urutonde rwuzuye rwamasoko akomeye, amasoko, ibicuruzwa na serivise, kandi mugihe kimwe, bigomba gutsimbataza abakora umwuga wo murwego rwohejuru bafite uburambe bwo gucunga neza umusaruro. n'inzitizi zo kuyobora.
MDI Amagambo: Gusaba gukira, ingufu nyinshi zishobora kugabanya itangwa ryamahanga
MDI ibiciro byamateka hamwe nisesengura ryikurikiranya
Umusaruro wa MDI mu gihugu watangiye mu myaka ya za 1960, ariko ugarukira ku rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, ibikenerwa mu gihugu ahanini bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi ibiciro biri hejuru.Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ubwo Wanhua Chemical yamenyaga buhoro buhoro ikoranabuhanga shingiro ry'umusaruro wa MDI, ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro bwagutse vuba, itangwa ry'imbere mu gihugu ritangira kugira ingaruka ku biciro, kandi ukuzenguruka kw'ibiciro bya MDI byatangiye kugaragara.Urebye ibiciro byamateka, ibiciro bya MDI byegeranijwe bisa nibya MDI yera, kandi kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka kugiciro cya MDI ni imyaka 2-3.58.1% ingano, igiciro cyo mucyumweru cyiyongereyeho 6.9%, igiciro cyo ku kwezi cyagabanutseho 2,4%, naho umwaka ushize wagabanutse ni 10,78%;MDI isukuye yafunzwe kuri 21.500 Yuan / toni, kuri 55.9% yumubare wibiciro byamateka, hamwe nigiciro cyicyumweru cyiyongereyeho 4.4%, igiciro cyikigereranyo cyakwezi cyagabanutseho 2,3%, naho kwiyongera kwumwaka kwari 3.4%.Uburyo bwo kohereza ibiciro bya MDI biroroshye, kandi ingingo yo hejuru yibiciro niyo ngingo yo hejuru ikwirakwizwa.Twizera ko iki cyiciro cy’ibiciro bya MDI bizamuka bitangira muri Nyakanga 2020, ahanini bifitanye isano n’ingaruka z’icyorezo ndetse n’ingufu zidasanzwe zo mu mahanga ku gipimo cy’ibikorwa.Ikigereranyo cya MDI mu 2022 giteganijwe kuguma hejuru.
Duhereye ku mateka, nta bihe bigaragara mubiciro bya MDI.Muri 2021, igiciro kinini cya MDI cyegeranijwe kizagaragara mugihembwe cya mbere nicya kane.Ishirwaho ryibiciro bihanitse mugihembwe cya mbere biterwa ahanini niminsi mikuru yegereje, igabanuka ryikigero cyinganda no kwibanda kubakora ibicuruzwa byo hasi mbere yiminsi mikuru.Ishirwaho ryibiciro biri hejuru mugihembwe cya kane ahanini biva mubufasha bwibiciro munsi "kugenzura kabiri gukoresha ingufu".Impuzandengo ya MDI yegeranijwe mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 yari 20.591 yuan / toni, igabanuka 0.9% kuva mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2021;impuzandengo ya MDI yera mu gihembwe cya mbere yari 22.514 yuan / toni, yazamutseho 2,2% kuva mu gihembwe cya kane 2021.
Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya MDI bizakomeza gushikama mu 2022. Ikigereranyo cy’ibiciro rusange bya MDI (Yantai Wanhua, Ubushinwa bw’Uburasirazuba) mu 2021 bizaba 20.180 Yuan / toni, umwaka ushize byiyongereyeho 35.9% na 69.1% by’amateka igiciro.Mu ntangiriro za 2021, ikirere gikabije mu mahanga cyakunze kugaragara, icyorezo cyagize ingaruka ku bwikorezi bwoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi ibiciro bya MDI mu mahanga byazamutse cyane.Nubwo ibiciro bya MDI biri hejuru gato ugereranije nu mateka yamateka, twizera ko iki cyiciro cyibiciro bya MDI kuzamuka bitararangira.Ibiciro bya peteroli na gaze bishyigikira igiciro cya MDI, mugihe ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora MDI muri 2022 ari buke kandi itangwa rusange riracyari rito, bityo biteganijwe ko ibiciro bizakomeza gushikama.
Isoko: Kwaguka gushikamye, kwiyongera kugarukira muri 2022
Umuvuduko wo kongera umusaruro wa Wanhua Chemical urihuta cyane ugereranije n’abanywanyi mpuzamahanga.Nka sosiyete yambere yo murugo yize ikoranabuhanga ryibanze ryumusaruro wa MDI, Wanhua Chemical ibaye MDI nini ku isi.Muri 2021, umusaruro rusange wa MDI ku isi uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 10.24, naho umusaruro mushya uzava muri Wanhua Chemical.Umugabane wa Wanhua Chemical ku isoko ry’umusaruro ku isoko wageze kuri 25.9%.Mu 2021, umusaruro rusange wa MDI w’imbere mu gihugu uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 3.96, naho umusaruro uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 2.85, wiyongereyeho 27.8% ugereranije n’umusaruro wakozwe muri 2020. Usibye kuba watewe n’icyorezo muri 2020, mu gihugu Umusaruro wa MDI wakomeje kwiyongera byihuse mu myaka yashize, hamwe na CAGR ya 10.3% kuva 2017 kugeza 2021. Urebye umuvuduko wo kwaguka ku isi mu bihe biri imbere, ubwiyongere nyamukuru buzakomeza kuva muri Wanhua Chemical, kandi umushinga wo kwagura imbere mu gihugu gushyirwa mu bikorwa hakiri kare kuruta ibihugu by'amahanga.Ku ya 17 Gicurasi, nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwemewe rw’ubwubatsi bwa Shaanxi, Gao Jiancheng, umunyamabanga w’ishyaka akaba n’umuyobozi w’isosiyete, yatumiriwe kwitabira inama yo guteza imbere umushinga wa MDI Wanhua Chemical (Fujian), anasinyira ibaruwa ishinzwe gahunda yo kubaka hamwe na Wanhua Chemical. (Fujian) kugirango igere ku ntego yo kubyaza umusaruro umushinga ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 2022.
Icyifuzo: Iterambere ryubwiyongere burenze kubitangwa, kandi ibikoresho byo kubika hamwe nibibaho bitarimo forode ya forode bizana iterambere rishya
Iterambere rya MDI ku isi riteganijwe gusumba izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa.Dukurikije amakuru ya Covestro, MDI ku isi hose mu 2021 ni toni miliyoni 9.2, hamwe na CAGR ya 4% muri 2021-2026;isi yose MDI isaba ni toni miliyoni 8.23, hamwe na CAGR ya 6% muri 2021-2026.Nk’uko imibare ya Huntsman ibigaragaza, ubushobozi bwa MDI ku isi CAGR ni 2,9% muri 2020-2025, naho MDI isaba CAGR ku isi igera kuri 5-6% muri 2020-2025, muri yo ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro muri Aziya buziyongera buva kuri toni miliyoni 5 muri 2020 kugeza 2025 toni miliyoni 6.2, inganda za polyurethane zifite icyizere kubisabwa MDI mumyaka itanu iri imbere.
Biracyafite ibyiringiro kubyerekeranye nigihe kirekire cyo kohereza hanze MDI.Urebye uko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu 2021, Amerika n’igihugu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga MDI mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu 2021 bizagera kuri toni 282.000, umwaka ushize byiyongeraho 122.9%.Zhejiang, Shandong na Shanghai nintara nyamukuru zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (uturere) mu gihugu cyanjye, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Zhejiang byageze kuri toni 597.000, umwaka ushize byiyongereyeho 78.7%;Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Shandong byageze kuri toni 223.000, umwaka ushize byiyongeraho 53.7%.Dukurikije imibare y’imitungo itimukanwa, umubare w’igurisha ry’amazu mashya muri Amerika urimo kunyura mu gihe cy’icyorezo nyuma y’icyorezo, ishoramari ry’imitungo itimbere mu gihugu rishobora kugira impinduka nke, kandi biteganijwe ko izamuka ry’imitungo itimukanwa riteganijwe kuzamura icyifuzo cya MDI .
Inyungu rusange ya Wanhua Chemical mu gihembwe ifite umukino mwiza hamwe no gukwirakwiza ibiciro bya MDI byegeranijwe mu gihembwe.Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya MDI ni aniline.Binyuze mu kubara itandukaniro ryibiciro byerekana, ushobora gusanga igiciro cya polymerized MDI gifite uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza, kandi igiciro kinini ni itandukaniro ryibiciro biri hejuru.Muri icyo gihe, gukwirakwiza ibiciro bya MDI byegeranye bifite aho bihurira n’inyungu rusange y’inyungu rusange ya Wanhua Chemical mu gihembwe, kandi ihinduka ry’inyungu rusange mu bice bimwe na bimwe rikiri inyuma y’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro, cyangwa bifitanye isano na ibarura ryinganda.
Ibiciro byingufu nyinshi birashobora gukomeza kugabanya itangwa rya MDI mumahanga.Imari ya Xinhua, i Frankfurt, ku ya 13 Kamena, umugenzuzi w’ingufu mu Budage, Klaus Müller, umuyobozi w’ikigo gishinzwe imiyoboro rusange, yavuze ko umuyoboro wa Nord Stream 1 wa Baltique uzakora imirimo yo kubungabunga mu cyi, kandi itangwa rya gaze gasanzwe riva mu Burusiya mu Budage no mu Burayi bw’Uburengerazuba. kugabanuka mugihe cyizuba.birashoboka kugabanuka cyane.Ubushobozi bwa MDI bw’iburayi bugera kuri 30% by’isi yose.Gukomeza gutanga ingufu z’ibinyabuzima bishobora guhatira abakora MDI mu mahanga kugabanya imitwaro yabo, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga MDI bishobora gutuma kwiyongera mu cyi.
Wanhua ifite inyungu zigaragara.Urebye ku gipimo mpuzandengo cy’amateka ya peteroli / gaze gasanzwe hamwe n’igiciro cyo kugurisha amasosiyete akomeye ya polyurethane, icyerekezo cy’igiciro cy’igurisha ry’amasosiyete yo mu mahanga cyegereye icy'amavuta ya peteroli na gaze gasanzwe.Ubwiyongere bwa Wanhua Chemical buri hejuru ugereranije n’amasosiyete yo mu mahanga, cyangwa ingaruka z’ibiciro fatizo ni nkeya ugereranije n’amasosiyete yo mu mahanga.amasosiyete yo mu mahanga.Urebye imiterere yinganda zinganda, Wanhua Chemical na BASF, zifite inganda zinganda za peteroli kandi zifite inyungu zigaragara zo kwishyira hamwe, zifite inyungu nyinshi kuruta Covestro na Huntsman.
Kuruhande rwizamuka ryibiciro byingufu, ibyiza byo kwishyira hamwe bigenda byitabwaho cyane.Nk’uko imibare ya Huntsman ibigaragaza, mu 2024, iyi sosiyete irateganya gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga wo kuzamura ibiciro bya miliyoni 240 z'amadolari ya Amerika, muri yo kuzamura ubuso bw’uruganda rwa polyurethane bizatanga hafi miliyoni 60 z’amadolari yo kugabanya ibiciro.Nk’uko Covestro ikomeza ivuga, mu mwaka wa 2025, amafaranga yinjira mu mishinga yo kwishyira hamwe azagera kuri miliyoni 120 z'amayero, muri yo imishinga yo kuzamura ibiciro izatanga hafi miliyoni 80 z'amayero.
Isoko rya TDI: Ibisohoka mubyukuri biri munsi yibyateganijwe, kandi hariho umwanya uhagije wo kuzamuka hejuru
TDI ibiciro byamateka hamwe nisesengura ryikurikiranya
Igikorwa cyo gukora TDI kiragoye, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite uburozi bwinshi kandi birashya kandi biturika kuruta MDI.Urebye ibiciro byamateka, ibiciro bya TDI na MDI birasa ariko ihindagurika riragaragara, cyangwa rifitanye isano n’ihungabana ry’umusaruro wa TDI.Kugeza ku ya 17 Kamena 2022, TDI (Ubushinwa bw'Iburasirazuba) yafunze 17,200 Yuan / toni, ku gipimo cya 31.1% cy'ibiciro by'amateka, aho impuzandengo y'ibiciro ya buri cyumweru yazamutseho 1,3%, igiciro cyo ku kwezi cyiyongereyeho 0.9%, n'umwaka -uyu munsi kwiyongera 12.1%.Uhereye kuri cycle, kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka ibiciro bya TDI nabyo ni imyaka 2-3.Ugereranije na MDI, ibiciro bya TDI nibiciro bihindagurika cyane, kandi ibiciro birashoboka cyane guhatira majeure nandi makuru mugihe gito.Uru ruzinduko rwa TDI ruzamuka rushobora gutangira guhera muri Mata 2020, bifitanye isano ahanini n’imiterere mibi y’ibikorwa bya TDI hamwe n’ibicuruzwa biri munsi y’ibiteganijwe.Ugereranije na MDI, igiciro kiriho cya TDI kiri kurwego rwo hasi mumateka, kandi kuzamuka birashobora kugaragara cyane.
Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya TDI bizakomeza kwiyongera mu 2022. Ikigereranyo cyo hagati ya TDI (Ubushinwa bw’Uburasirazuba) mu 2021 ni 14.189 Yuan / toni, kikaba cyiyongereyeho 18.5% umwaka ushize, kandi kiri kuri 22.9% by’igiciro cy’amateka .Ingingo yo hejuru y’ibiciro bya TDI mu 2021 yari mu gihembwe cya mbere, ahanini bitewe n’uko abakora ibicuruzwa byo hasi babitse mbere y’ibiruhuko, ibikoresho byo hanze ndetse n’ibikoresho byo kubungabunga byari bike, kandi ibarura ry’inganda ryari ku rwego rwo hasi mu mwaka.Impuzandengo ya TDI mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 ni 18.524 yuan / toni, yiyongereyeho 28.4% kuva mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2021. Ugereranije na MDI, igiciro cya TDI kiracyari ku rwego rwo hasi mu mateka, kandi hariho a icyumba kinini cyo kugiciro hejuru.
Gutanga no gusaba icyitegererezo: kuringaniza igihe kirekire, ibikoresho bihamye bigira ingaruka kumusaruro nyirizina
Kugeza ubu, nubwo ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wa TDI ku isi burenze urugero, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere ukenewe urenze umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa, kandi uburyo burambye bwo gutanga no gusaba bwa TDI bushobora gukomeza kuringaniza.Dukurikije imibare ya Covestro, isi yose itanga TDI igera kuri toni miliyoni 3.42, hamwe na CAGR ya 2% muri 2021-2026;isi yose isaba TDI igera kuri toni miliyoni 2.49, hamwe na CAGR ya 5% muri 2021-2026.
Munsi yubushobozi burenze urugero, ababikora babyitondeye kwagura umusaruro.Ugereranije na MDI, TDI ifite imishinga mike yo kwagura ubushobozi, kandi nta kongera ubushobozi muri 2020 na 2021. Ubwiyongere bukabije mu myaka ibiri iri imbere nabwo buzaturuka muri Wanhua Chemical, iteganya kwagura toni 100.000 / umwaka muri Fujian kugeza Toni 250.000 / umwaka.Uyu mushinga urimo nitrification ya toni 305.000 / mwaka, hydrogène hydrogène ya toni 200.000 / umwaka, hamwe na fotokome ya toni 250.000 / mwaka;nyuma yuko umushinga ugeze ku musaruro, biteganijwe ko uzatanga toni 250.000 za TDI, toni 6.250 za OTDA, toni 203.660 za hydrogène yumye ya chloride na aside hydrochloric.Toni 70.400.Nk’uko urubuga rwemewe rwa guverinoma y’abaturage y’umujyi wa Fuqing rubitangaza, umushinga wo kwagura wabonye sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho no gukwirakwiza TDI, uruhushya rwo kubaka ibyumba by’inama y’abaminisitiri, n’uruhushya rwo kubaka sitasiyo ya firigo ya TDI.Biteganijwe ko izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2023.
Ibikoresho bidahungabana bigira ingaruka kumusaruro nyirizina.Nk’uko imibare ya Baichuan Yingfu ibigaragaza, umusaruro wa TDI mu gihugu mu 2021 uzaba hafi toni miliyoni 1.137, bihwanye n’igikorwa cya buri mwaka kingana na 80%.Nubwo ubushobozi bwa TDI ku isi burenze urugero, mu 2021, ibikoresho bya TDI mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butandukanye bitewe n’ikirere gikabije, itangwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo ndetse no kunanirwa kwa tekiniki, umusaruro nyirizina uzaba muke ugereranije n’uko byari byitezwe, kandi ibarura ry’inganda rizabikora komeza kugabanuka.Nk’uko Baichuan Yingfu abitangaza ngo ku ya 9 Kamena 2022, yibasiwe n’imyigaragambyo y’abashoferi b’amakamyo yo muri Koreya yepfo, ibikoresho bya Hanwha TDI byaho (toni 50.000 kuri buri seti) byagabanutse ku mutwaro, kandi itangwa ry’amasoko ya Kumho MDI ryatinze, ibyo yagize ingaruka kubicuruzwa bya polyurethane biherutse kurwego runaka.Kuri Icyambu.Muri icyo gihe, biteganijwe ko inganda nyinshi zizavugururwa muri Kamena, kandi muri rusange itangwa rya TDI rirakomeye.
Nk’uko imibare ya Baichuan Yingfu ibigaragaza, ikoreshwa rya TDI mu 2021 rizaba hafi toni 829.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 4.12%.Hasi ya TDI ni ibicuruzwa bya sponge nkibikoresho byuzuye.Muri 2021, sponge nibicuruzwa bizaba bingana na 72% yo gukoresha TDI.Kuva mu 2022, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa TDI waragabanutse, ariko kubera ko inzira yo hasi nkibikoresho byo mu nzu hamwe n’imyenda bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro icyorezo, biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa rya TDI rizakomeza kwiyongera.
ADI nibindi bidasanzwe isocyanates: amasoko mashya kandi agaragara
Isoko rya ADI murwego rwo gutwikira rigenda rifungura buhoro buhoro
Ugereranije na isocyanates ya aromatic, alochatic na alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) bifite ibiranga ubukana bwikirere bukabije kandi bidahinduka umuhondo.Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) ni ADI isanzwe, itagira ibara cyangwa umuhondo muto, kandi ni ubukonje buke, impumuro mbi yuzuye mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora polyurethane, HDI ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora amarangi ya polyurethane (PU) hamwe nu mwenda wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibinyabiziga bitunganya amamodoka, ibishishwa bya pulasitike, ibiti byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibiti byo mu nganda hamwe na anti-ruswa, kimwe na elastomers, ibifata, ibikoresho byo kurangiza imyenda, nibindi. Usibye kurwanya amavuta no kwihanganira kwambara, igipapuro cya PU cyabonetse gifite ibiranga kutagira umuhondo, kugumana amabara, kurwanya chalk, no kurwanya hanze.Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa kandi mubikoresho byo gukiza amarangi, ibyuma byinshi bya polymer, bifata ubushyuhe buke bwo gucapa paste, cola cololymer coating, enzyme ihamye, nibindi. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) nayo ADI ikoreshwa cyane.Nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora polyurethane, IPDI irakwiriye kubyara polyurethanes ifite urumuri rwiza, guhangana nikirere hamwe nubukanishi bwiza.By'umwihariko bikwiranye no gukora elastomers, gutwikira amazi, gukwirakwiza polyurethane hamwe na acreti ya urethane yahinduwe.
Ibikoresho bimwe bibisi bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi igiciro cya ADI muri rusange kiri hejuru ya MDI na TDI.Dufashe HDI hamwe nigice kinini cyisoko muri ADI nkurugero, hexamethylenediamine nigikoresho nyamukuru cyo gukora HDI.Kugeza ubu, toni 1 ya HDI ikorwa kandi toni zigera kuri 0,75 za hexanediamine.Nubwo kwimenyekanisha kwa diamine adiponitrile na hexamethylene bikomeje gutera imbere, umusaruro wa HDI uracyashingira kuri adiponitrile na diamine ya hexamethylene yatumijwe hanze, kandi igiciro cyibicuruzwa muri rusange kiri hejuru.Dukurikije imibare y’urusobe rw’imiti rwa Tiantian, igiciro ngarukamwaka cya HDI mu 2021 ni hafi 85.547 yuan / toni, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 74.2%;impuzandengo yumwaka ya IPDI igera kuri 76.000 yuan / toni, umwaka-mwaka wiyongereyeho 9.1%.
Wanhua Chemical ibaye uwakabiri muri ADI itanga umusaruro mwinshi kwisi
Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ADI bwaguwe buhoro buhoro, kandi Wanhua Chemical imaze gutera intambwe muri HDI n'ibiyikomokaho, IPDI, HMDI nibindi bicuruzwa.Dukurikije imibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda Xinsijie, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro rusange w’inganda za ADI ku isi uzagera kuri toni 580.000 / umwaka mu mwaka wa 2021. Kubera inzitizi zikomeye zibuza kwinjira mu nganda, ku isi hari ibigo bike bishobora kubyara ADI ku rugero runini, cyane cyane harimo Covestro, Evonik, BASF mu Budage, Asahi Kasei mu Buyapani, Wanhua Chemical, na Rhodia mu Bufaransa, aho Covestro ari yo itanga ADI nini ku isi itanga umusaruro wa toni 220.000 buri mwaka, ikurikirwa na Wanhua Chemical hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bugera kuri toni 140.000.Hamwe n’uruganda rwa HDI rwa Wanhua Ningbo rugera kuri toni 50.000 / ku mwaka, umusaruro wa ADI wa Wanhua Chemical uzarushaho kwiyongera.
Isocyanates idasanzwe kandi yahinduwe ikomeje kugera kuntambwe.Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye gakondo cyitwa aromatic isocyanates (MDI, TDI) kiri kumwanya wambere kwisi.Muri alochatic isocyanates (ADI), HDI, IPDI, HMDI nibindi bicuruzwa byize ikoranabuhanga ryigenga ryigenga, XDI, PDI nizindi isocyanate zidasanzwe zinjiye mubyitegererezo, TDI -TMP hamwe nizindi isocyanate zahinduwe (inyongera ya isocyanate) zakoze ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi intambwe.Isocyanate idasanzwe hamwe na isocyanates yahinduwe ni ibikoresho byingenzi byibanze byo gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya polyurethane, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane.Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryimbere mu gihugu, Wanhua Chemical nandi masosiyete nayo yageze ku ntera ishimishije mu ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye na isocyanates idasanzwe ndetse n’inyongera ya isocyanate, kandi biteganijwe ko izayobora isi mu nzira nshya.
Ibigo bya Polyurethane: kongera imbaraga mu mikorere muri 2021, byiringiro ku bijyanye n’isoko
Wanhua Chemical
Wanhua Chemical yashinzwe mu 1998, ikora cyane cyane muri R&D, gukora no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bya polyurethane nka isocyanates na polyol, ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka acide acrylic na ester, ibikoresho bikora nk'amavuta ashingiye ku mazi, hamwe n’imiti yihariye. .Nisosiyete yambere mugihugu cyanjye ifite MDI Numushinga ufite uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge wigenga wubuhanga bwo gukora, kandi ni nabwo butanga polyurethane nini mu karere ka Aziya-pasifika ndetse n’uruganda rwa MDI rushobora guhangana ku isi.
Igipimo cyubushobozi bwumusaruro gifite inyungu zingenzi, kandi giha agaciro R&D no guhanga udushya.Kugeza mu mpera za 2021, Wanhua Chemical ifite umusaruro wose wa toni miliyoni 4.16 / yumwaka wibicuruzwa bya polyurethane (harimo toni miliyoni 2.65 / umwaka ku mishinga ya MDI, toni 650.000 / umwaka ku mishinga ya TDI, na toni 860.000 / umwaka kuri polyether imishinga).Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2021, Wanhua Chemical ifite abakozi 3,126 R&D, bangana na 16% by'isosiyete yose, kandi imaze gushora miliyari 3.168 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda muri R&D, bingana na 2.18% by'amafaranga yinjira mu bikorwa.Mu gihe cyo gutanga raporo yo mu 2021, tekinoroji ya MDI ya gatandatu ya Wanhua Chemical yakoreshejwe neza mu ruganda rwa Yantai MDI, igera ku mikorere ihamye ya toni miliyoni 1.1 ku mwaka;ubwikorezi bwa hydrogène chloride catalitike ya okiside ya chlorine ikora neza yarakuze kandi irarangizwa, kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde rwicyumweru cy’imiti Uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere iterambere rirambye mu 2021;yitezimbere-nini nini ya PO / SM, ikorana buhanga rya DMC polyether hamwe nuruhererekane rushya rwa poliester aromatic polyester yatejwe imbere inganda, kandi ibipimo byibicuruzwa bigeze kurwego rwibicuruzwa byiza.
Ubwiyongere bwa Wanhua Chemical buruta ubw'abanywanyi mpuzamahanga.Kwungukira ku nyungu z’ibiciro n’ibiciro, Wanhua Chemical yiyongereye ku mwaka ku mwaka yinjira mu 2021 iri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’abanywanyi mpuzamahanga, kandi amafaranga yinjira mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 azakomeza umuvuduko mwinshi.Hamwe n’ikigaragara cy’inyungu nini no gukomeza kunoza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga MDI, Wanhua Chemical izakomeza kwagura isoko rya MDI no gushyiraho ingingo nyinshi ziyongera mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli n’ibikoresho bishya.(Raporo y'inkomoko: Ibitekerezo bizaza)
BASF (BASF)
BASF SE n’isosiyete nini y’imiti nini ku isi ifite amashami arenga 160 afite amashami yose cyangwa imishinga ihuriweho n’ibihugu 41 byo mu Burayi, Aziya na Amerika.Icyicaro gikuru i Ludwigshafen, mu Budage, iyi sosiyete nicyo kigo kinini cy’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku miti ku isi.Ubucuruzi bwikigo bukubiyemo ubuzima nimirire (Imirire & Kwitaho), gutwikira amarangi (Surface Technologies), imiti yibanze (Imiti), plastike ikora neza cyane na prursors (Ibikoresho), ibisigarira nibindi bikoresho (Solutions Solutions), ubuhinzi (Ubuhinzi) Ibisubizo) Ibisubizo) hamwe nizindi nzego, aho isocyanates (MDI na TDI) zigize igice cya monomer (Monomer) mugice kinini cya plastiki na preursors igice (Ibikoresho), hamwe nubushobozi rusange bwa BASF isocyanate (MDI + TDI) muri 2021 ni toni miliyoni 2.6.Raporo y’umwaka wa 2021 ya BASF, impuzu n’irangi nicyo gice kinini cy’isosiyete yinjiza amafaranga, bingana na 29% y’amafaranga yinjije mu 2021. Ishoramari R&D ni miliyoni 296 z'amayero, harimo kugura no gushora imari ingana na miliyari 1.47 z'amayero;plastike ikora cyane hamwe na precursor igice (Ibikoresho) nigice gifite umugabane wa kabiri winjiza amafaranga menshi, bingana na 19% byinjira mumwaka wa 2021, naho R&D ishoramari ryamayero agera kuri miliyoni 193, harimo kugura nandi mashoramari ya miliyoni 709 zama euro.
Isoko ryUbushinwa ririmo kwitabwaho cyane.Dukurikije imibare ya BASF, mu 2030, bibiri bya gatatu by’iyongera ry’imiti ku isi bizava mu Bushinwa, naho 9 muri 30 yo kwagura ibikorwa byagaragaye muri raporo y’umwaka wa 2021 ya BASF iherereye mu gihugu cyanjye.BASF ya Guangdong (Zhanjiang) ihuriweho ni umushinga munini wa BASF w’ishoramari mu mahanga kugeza ubu.Nk’uko EIA yabitangaje, igishoro cyose cy’umushinga ni miliyari 55.362, muri zo ishoramari ry’ubwubatsi rikaba miliyari 50.98.Biteganijwe ko umushinga uzatangira kubakwa mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, akazarangira ugashyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2025, hamwe n’igihe cyo kubaka kingana n’amezi 42.Umushinga umaze kurangira ugashyirwa mu bikorwa, impuzandengo yumwaka winjiza uzaba miliyari 23.42 yu mwaka, inyungu rusange yumwaka yose izaba miliyari 5.24, naho inyungu rusange yumwaka izaba miliyari 3.93.Biteganijwe ko umwaka w’umusaruro usanzwe wuyu mushinga uzatanga hafi miliyari 9,62 yu yongerewe agaciro mu nganda buri mwaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2022