1 Intangiriro
Ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane byoroheje bikubiyemo cyane cyane guhagarika, guhoraho, sponge, kwihanganira ifuro ryinshi (HR), ifuro ryuruhu rwonyine, ifuro yo kwihanganira buhoro, ifuro rya microcellular ifuro hamwe nigice kinini gikurura ingufu.Ubu bwoko bwa furo buracyafite hafi 50% yibicuruzwa byose bya polyurethane.Ubwoko bunini hamwe no kwagura porogaramu, bwagize uruhare mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu: ibikoresho byo murugo, imodoka, guteza imbere urugo, ibikoresho, gari ya moshi, amato, ikirere nizindi nzego nyinshi.Kuva PU yoroha ifuro ryoroshye mu myaka ya za 1950, cyane cyane nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, habaye gusimbuka mu ikoranabuhanga, mu binyabuzima no mu bicuruzwa.Ibikurubikuru ni: Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PU byoroshye, aribyo bicuruzwa bya polyurethane;agaciro ka VOC agaciro PU yoroshye ifuro;atome nkeya PU yoroshye ifuro;amazi yuzuye PU ifuro ryoroshye;byuzuye MDI ikurikirana yoroshye ifuro;flame retardant, umwotsi muke, MDI yuzuye ya Foam;ubwoko bushya bwinyongera nka reaction ya molekuline yuburemere bukabije, stabilisateur, flame retardants na antioxydants;polyoli hamwe no kudahaza kwinshi hamwe na alcool nkeya;ultra-low density PU yoroshye ifuro nibintu byiza byumubiri;inshuro nkeya ya resonance, kwimura hasi PU yoroshye ifuro;polikarubone diol, polyε-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran nizindi polyoli zidasanzwe;isukari ya CO2 ikorana buhanga, tekinoroji itari nziza ikoranabuhanga, nibindi.Muri make, kugaragara kwubwoko bushya nubuhanga bushya byateje imbere iterambere rya PU yoroshye.
2 Ihame
Kugirango ushushanye icyiza cyiza cya PU cyujuje ibisabwa, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ihame ryimiti yimikorere ya sisitemu ya furo kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho fatizo byingenzi kandi bifasha hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora.Iterambere ryinganda za polyurethane kugeza na nubu ntikiri mu rwego rwo kwigana, ariko ukurikije ibisabwa mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa byanyuma, birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe imiterere y’ibikoresho fatizo na tekiniki ya sintetike.Polyurethane ifuro igira uruhare mu guhindura imiti mugihe cya synthesis, kandi ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere ya furo biragoye, ntabwo bikubiyemo gusa imiti yimiti iri hagati ya isocyanate, polyether (ester) inzoga namazi, ahubwo ikubiyemo na chimie ya colloid yo kubira ifuro. .Imiti ikora harimo kwagura urunigi, kubira ifuro no guhuza.Ihindura kandi imiterere, imikorere nuburemere bwa molekuline yibintu bitabira reaction.Igisubizo rusange muri synthesis ya polyurethane ifuro irashobora kugaragazwa nuburyo bukurikira:
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Nyamara, ibintu nyirizina biragoye, kandi ibisubizo byingenzi byavuzwe muri make kuburyo bukurikira:
01 Kwagura urunigi
Inzoga nyinshi za isocyanates na polyether (ester) alcool, cyane cyane ibice bitandukanye, kwagura urunigi bikorwa kuburyo bukurikira:
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Muri sisitemu yo kubira ifuro, ingano ya isocyanate muri rusange iruta iyindi ya hydrogène ikora irimo, ni ukuvuga ko indangagaciro ya reaction irenze 1, ubusanzwe 1.05, bityo iherezo ryibicuruzwa byongerewe urunigi mugihe cyinshi. igomba kuba itsinda rya isocyanate.
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Kwagura urunigi nigikorwa nyamukuru cya PU ifuro, kandi nurufunguzo rwimiterere yumubiri: imbaraga zumukanishi, umuvuduko wubwiyongere, ubworoherane, nibindi.
02 Imyifatire
Ifuro ni ingenzi cyane mugutegura ifuro yoroshye, cyane cyane muguhuza ibicuruzwa bito.Hariho ingaruka ebyiri rusange zifuro: gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa reaction kugirango bivemo umwuka wa hydrocarubone utetse cyane, nka HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, nibindi, kugirango ugere kubikorwa byo kubira ifuro, naho ubundi ni ugukoresha amazi na isocyanate.Imiti itanga umusaruro mwinshi wa gaze ya CO2:
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Mugihe habuze cataliste, igipimo cyamazi cyamazi hamwe na isocyanates kiratinda.Igipimo cya reaction ya amine na isocyanates kirihuta cyane.Kubera iyo mpamvu, iyo amazi akoreshejwe nkibikoresho byinshi, azana umubare munini wibice bikomye hamwe na urea hamwe na polarite nyinshi, bigira ingaruka kumyumvire, kwihangana no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa byinshi.Kugirango ubyare ifuro ifite imiterere myiza yumubiri nubucucike buke, birakenewe kongera uburemere bwa molekuline yinzoga ya polyether (ester) hamwe nubworoherane bwurunigi nyamukuru.
03 Igikorwa
Gel reaction nayo yitwa kwambukiranya no gukiza reaction.Muburyo bwo kubira ifuro, gelation ni ngombwa cyane.Kurenza kare cyangwa gutinda cyane bizatera ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byinshi kugabanuka cyangwa guhinduka imyanda.Ikintu cyiza cyane ni uko kwagura urunigi, reaction ya furo na gel reaction igera kuri equilibrium, bitabaye ibyo ubwinshi bwifuro buzaba hejuru cyane cyangwa ifuro igasenyuka.
Hariho ibikorwa bitatu bya gelling mugihe cyo kubira ifuro:
1) Geles yimikorere myinshi
Mubisanzwe, ibice hamwe nibikorwa birenga bitatu birashobora kwitwara kugirango bibumbire hamwe imiterere yumubiri.Dukoresha polyether polyole hamwe nibikorwa birenga bitatu mugukora polyurethane yoroheje ifuro.Vuba aha, polyisocyanates ifite fn ≥ 2.5 nayo ikoreshwa mugutezimbere sisitemu zose za MDI kugirango zongere ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro ya fumu nkeya.Izi nizo shingiro ryo gushiraho ibyiciro bitatu byuzuzanya:
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Birakwiye ko tumenya ko uburemere bwa molekile hagati yingingo zinyuranye zigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye ubucucike bwambukiranya ifuro.Nukuvuga ko ubucucike bwambukiranya ari bunini, ubukana bwibicuruzwa ni bwinshi, kandi nubukanishi ni bwiza, ariko ubworoherane bwifuro ni bubi, kandi kwihangana no kuramba ni bike.Uburemere bwa molekuline (Mc) hagati yo guhuza ingingo zifatika zifuro yoroshye ni 2000-2500, naho ifuro ya kimwe cya kabiri ikaba iri hagati ya 700-2500.
2) Gukora urea
Iyo amazi akoreshejwe nk'ifuro ifuro, havamo ibice bya urea bihuza.Amazi menshi, niko urea ihuza.Bazakomeza kwitwara hamwe na isocyanate irenze kubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bahuze biuret ihuza ibice bitatu:
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3) Imiterere ya allophanate Ubundi bwoko bwo guhuza ibikorwa ni uko hydrogène kumurongo wingenzi wa urethane irongera ikora hamwe na isocyanate irenze urugero mubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ibe umurunga wa allophanate ufite ibyiciro bitatu:
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Gukora ibinyabuzima bya biuret hamwe na allophanate ntabwo ari byiza kuri sisitemu yo kubira ifuro kuko ibyo bikoresho byombi bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro kandi bikangirika kubushyuhe bwinshi.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubantu kugenzura ubushyuhe nubushakashatsi bwa isocyanate mubikorwa.
Kubara imiti
Ibikoresho bya polyurethane nibikoresho bya polymer nibintu bishobora guhuza polymer biva mubikoresho byintambwe imwe, nukuvuga ko ibintu bifatika byibicuruzwa bishobora guhindurwa muburyo bwimbaraga muguhindura ibisobanuro nibipimo byibikoresho fatizo.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa neza ihame rya synthesis ya polymer no gushyiraho formulaire yo kubara ni ngombwa cyane kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bya polyurethane
01 Agaciro kangana
Ibyo bita agaciro kangana (E) bivuga uburemere bwa molekile (Mn) ihuye nibikorwa bya f (f) muri molekile ikomatanya;
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Kurugero, umubare ugereranije uburemere bwa molekuline ya polyether triol ni 3000, hanyuma agaciro kayo kangana:
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Ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa gihuza MOCA, aricyo 4,4′-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), gifite misile igereranije ya 267. Nubwo muri molekile harimo hydrogène 4 ikora, hydrogène 2 gusa niyo yitabira reaction ya isocyanate.atom, imikorere yayo rero f = 2
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Mubicuruzwa bisobanurwa na polyether cyangwa polyester polyol, buri sosiyete itanga gusa hydroxyl agaciro (OH) amakuru, nibyiza rero kubara muburyo butaziguye agaciro kangana nagaciro ka hydroxyl:
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Birakwiye ko twibutsa ko igipimo nyacyo cyimikorere yibicuruzwa bitwara igihe kinini, kandi hariho reaction nyinshi.Akenshi, imikorere nyayo ya triol polyether (ester) ntabwo ihwanye na 3, ariko iri hagati ya 2.7 na 2.8.Kubwibyo, birasabwa gukoresha formula (2), ni ukuvuga, hydroxyl agaciro nayo ibarwa!
02 Ibisabwa bya isocyanate
Ibikoresho byose bya hydrogène ikora birashobora kwitwara hamwe na isocyanate.Ukurikije ihame rya reaction ihwanye, nibimenyerewe muri synthesis ya PU kubara neza ingano ya isocyanate ikoreshwa na buri kintu muri formula:
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Muri formula: Ws - ingano ya isocyanate
Wp - ibipimo byinshi cyangwa polyester
Ep - polyether cyangwa polyester bihwanye
Es - Isocyanate ihwanye
Ikigereranyo cya mara ya I2 - NCO / -OH, ni ukuvuga indangagaciro
ρS - ubuziranenge bwa isocyanate
Nkuko twese tubizi, mugihe ushushanya prepolymer cyangwa igice cya prepolymer hamwe nagaciro runaka ka NCO, ingano ya isocyanate isabwa ijyanye numubare nyawo wa polyether hamwe nibirimo NCO bisabwa na prepolymer wanyuma.Nyuma yo kuvuga muri make:
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Muri formula: D —— igice kinini cyitsinda rya NCO muri prepolymer
42—— Agaciro kangana na NCO
Muri iki gihe sisitemu ya MDI yuzuye ifuro, uburemere bwa molekile ndende ya polyether-yahinduwe MDI muri rusange ikoreshwa muguhuza igice cya prepolymers, kandi NCO% yayo iri hagati ya 25 na 29%, bityo formula (4) ningirakamaro cyane.
Harasabwa kandi formulaire yo kubara uburemere bwa molekile hagati yingingo zifitanye isano nubucucike bwambukiranya imipaka, nabyo bifite akamaro kanini mugutegura.Yaba elastomer cyangwa ifuro ryinshi-ryinshi, ubworoherane bwayo bufitanye isano nubunini bwumukozi uhuza:
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Muri formula: Mnc —— umubare-ugereranije uburemere bwa molekuline hagati yingingo zihuza
Ingero —— Agaciro kangana na agent ihuza
Wg —— Umubare wumukozi uhuza
WV - ingano ya prepolymer
D —— Ibirimo NCO
Ibikoresho 4 bibisi
Ibikoresho fatizo bya polyurethane bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibice bya polyol, ibibyimba bya polyisocyanate ninyongera.Muri byo, polyoli na polyisocyanates ni ibikoresho nyamukuru bya polyurethane, kandi ibikoresho byunganira ni ibice byuzuza ibintu byihariye byibicuruzwa bya polyurethane.
Ibintu byose hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl muburyo bwimiterere yibinyabuzima ni ibya organic polyol organic.Muri byo, impumu ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane ni polyurethane ni polyether polyole na polyester polyole.
polyol
Polyol
Nibintu bya oligomeric bifite uburemere buringaniye bwa 1000 ~ 7000, bushingiye kubikoresho fatizo byinganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: okiside ya propylene na okiside ya Ethylene, hamwe na hydrogène ebyiri na eshatu zikora zikoreshwa nkibitangiza, kandi bigatangirwa kandi polymerized na KOH..
Mubisanzwe, uburemere bwa molekuline isanzwe yoroshye ifuro polyether polyol iri murwego rwa 1500 ~ 3000, naho hydroxyl iri hagati ya 56 ~ 110mgKOH / g.Uburemere bwa molekuline yo kwihanganira polyether polyol iri hagati ya 4500 na 8000, naho hydroxyl iri hagati ya 21 na 36 mgKOH / g.
Twabibutsa ko amoko menshi manini ya polyether polyole aherutse gutunganywa mumyaka yashize afite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere imiterere yumubiri wa polyurethane yoroheje kandi ikagabanya ubucucike.
l Polymer-yashizwemo polyether polyol (POP), ishobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ya PU yoroshye, kugabanya ubucucike, kongera urwego rwo gufungura, no kwirinda kugabanuka.Igipimo nacyo cyiyongera umunsi kumunsi.
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Imikorere ya polyether isa na polymer polyether polyol, ishobora kuzamura ubukana, ubushobozi bwo gutwara, kandi igateza imbere gufungura ibicuruzwa byinshi.Kurwanya urumuri biriyongera, kandi MDI ikurikirana ifuro irizimya kandi ikoreshwa cyane muburayi.lIcyuma cyo mu rwego rwa polymer polyether polyol: Ni azote irimo hydrocarubone polymer ya aromatic ya hydrocarbon polymer yometse kuri polyether polyol, idashobora gusa kunoza imitwaro yikoreza imitwaro, ifunguye-selile, ubukana nibindi biranga ibicuruzwa byinshi, ariko kandi bituma intebe yintebe ya PU ikomatanya. Kuva.Ifite umuriro mwinshi cyane: indangagaciro ya ogisijeni iri hejuru ya 28% cyangwa irenga, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ≤60%, hamwe n’umuriro muke ukwirakwira.Nibikoresho byiza cyane byimodoka, gariyamoshi nibikoresho byo gukora intebe.
l Polyol nkeya idahagije: Kubera ko ikoresha ibyuma bibiri bya cyanide ibyuma (DMC) nkumusemburo, ibikubiye mumirongo ibiri idahagije muri synthesize polyether ntabwo iri munsi ya 0.010mol / mg, nukuvuga ko irimo monool Urwego ruto, ni ukuvuga, ubuziranenge buhanitse, buganisha ku kwihangana no kwikuramo ibintu biranga HR ifuro ikomatanyije ishingiye kuri yo, kimwe n'imbaraga nziza zo kurira hamwe n'impamvu zerekana.Iheruka gutezimbere ya rezanse nkeya, 6Hz yohereza umuvuduko wimodoka intebe ya cushion ifuro nibyiza cyane.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, iyi polyol iherutse gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya PU ifuro mumahanga kugirango itezimbere cyane imiterere yumubiri wa furo, cyane cyane kurwanya ikirere, ubushuhe nubushyuhe bwo guhangana nubushyuhe nibindi bibazo mumyaka myinshi, kuburyo intebe yimodoka yicaye nibindi bikoreshwa mukarere gashyuha ka Afrika.
l Polyol polyole hamwe na okiside ya Ethylene nyinshi, mubisanzwe ibikorwa byinshi bya polyether polyole, kugirango tunonosore reaction ya polyeter, ongeramo 15 ~ 20% EO kurangiza mugihe cya synthesis.Polyetheri yavuzwe haruguru ni EO igera kuri 80%, PO ibirimo Ibinyuranye, iri munsi ya 40%.Nurufunguzo rwiterambere rya serivise zose za MDI PU yoroshye ifuro, igomba kwitabwaho nabantu muruganda.
l Polyether polyols hamwe nibikorwa bya catalitiki: cyane cyane winjize amatsinda ya amine ya matsinda afite imiterere ya catalitiki cyangwa ion ibyuma muburyo bwa polyether.Ikigamijwe ni ukugabanya ingano ya catalizator muri sisitemu yo kubira ifuro, kugabanya agaciro ka VOC hamwe na atomisiyasi nkeya yibicuruzwa.
l Amino yarangiye polyether polyol: Iyi polyether ifite ibikorwa byinshi bya catalitiki, igihe gito cyo kubyitwaramo, kumanura vuba, hamwe no kongera imbaraga mubicuruzwa (cyane cyane imbaraga za kare), kurekura ibicuruzwa, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ibishishwa., ubushyuhe bwubwubatsi bwaragabanutse, urugero rwagutse, kandi nubwoko bushya butanga ikizere.
polyester
Polyester yambere ya polyester yose yerekeza kuri adipic acide ishingiye kuri polyester polyole, kandi isoko rinini ni microcellular foam, ikoreshwa mukweto.Mu myaka yashize, ubwoko bushya bwagaragaye nyuma yandi, bwagura ikoreshwa rya polyester polyole muri PUF.
l Aromatic dicarboxylic acide yahinduwe na adipic acide ishingiye kuri polyester polyol: cyane cyane guhuza polyester polyol mugusimbuza igice acide adipic na acide phthalic cyangwa acide terephthalic, ishobora kuzamura imbaraga zambere yibicuruzwa no kunoza ubukana nubushuhe, mugihe bigabanya ibiciro.
Polyakarubone polyol: Ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa burashobora kunoza cyane hydrolysis irwanya hydrolysis, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya ubushyuhe nubukomezi bwibicuruzwa byinshi, kandi ni ubwoko butanga ikizere.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Ifuro ya PU ikomatanyirijwe muri yo ifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya hydrolysis no kurwanya abrasion, kandi nibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigomba gukorwa muri yo.
l Aromatic polyester polyol: Yakozwe mugukoresha byimazeyo ibicuruzwa bya polyester imyanda mugihe cyambere, kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri PU ikomeye.Noneho yongerewe kuri PU yoroshye ifuro, nayo ikwiye kwitabwaho.
Abandi Ikintu cyose gifite hydrogène ikora irashobora gukoreshwa kuri PUF.Ukurikije ihinduka ry’isoko hamwe n’ibisabwa kurengera ibidukikije, ni ngombwa gukoresha byimazeyo ibicuruzwa byo mu cyaro no guhuza ibinyabuzima byoroshye PU byoroshye.
l Amavuta ya Castor ashingiye kuri polyoli: Ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe muri PUF mbere, kandi ibyinshi muri byo bikozwe mumavuta meza ya castor adahinduwe kugirango akore ifuro ryinshi.Ndasaba gukoresha tekinoroji ya transesterifike, kandi alcool zitandukanye zifite uburemere buke bwinjizwa mumavuta ya castor kugirango bahuze ibintu bitandukanye.
Ibikomokaho, birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye bworoshye kandi bukomeye PUF.
l Ibikomoka kuri peteroli yimboga polyoli: Vuba aha byibasiwe nibiciro bya peteroli, ibicuruzwa nkibi byateye imbere byihuse.Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byinshi byakozwe mu nganda ni amavuta ya soya n’ibikomoka ku mavuta y’imikindo, kandi amavuta y’imbuto cyangwa amavuta y’amatungo ashobora no gukoreshwa mu guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bikurikirana, bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye, kugabanya ibiciro, kandi bikaba byangiza ibidukikije kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. .
polyisocyanate
Ubwoko bubiri bwa isocyanates, TDI na MDI, bukunze gukoreshwa mugukora ifumbire ya polyurethane yoroheje, kandi imvange ya TDI / MDI ikomoka nayo ikoreshwa cyane murukurikirane rwa HR.Bitewe nibisabwa kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zifite ibisabwa bike cyane kubiciro bya VOC kubicuruzwa byinshi.Kubwibyo, MDI yuzuye, MDI itavanze na MDI byahinduwe byakoreshejwe cyane muri PU yoroshye ifuro nkibicuruzwa byingenzi bya PU byoroshye.
polyol
MDI
Byera 4,4′-MDI irakomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Ibyo bita MDI byamazi bivuga MDI byahinduwe muburyo butandukanye kandi bitemba mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Imikorere ya MDI isukuye irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango wumve itsinda ryahinduwe MDI.
l urethane-yahinduwe MDI ifite imikorere ya 2.0;
l Carbodiimide yahinduwe MDI ifite imikorere ya 2.0;
l MDI yahinduwe na diazetacyclobutanone imine, imikorere ni 2.2;
l MDI yahinduwe hamwe na urethane na diazetidinimine ifite imikorere ya 2.1.
Umubare munini wibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bibumbabumbwe nka HR, RIM, ifuro yo kwisiga, hamwe na micro-ifuro nkibirenge byinkweto.
MDI-50
Ni uruvange rwa 4,4′-MDI na 2,4′-MDI.Kubera ko gushonga kwa 2,4′-MDI biri munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba, hafi 15 ° C, MDI-50 ni amazi abikwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi byoroshye gukoresha.Witondere ingaruka zidasanzwe za 2,4′-MDI, zidakorwa neza kurenza umubiri wa 4,4 ′ kandi zishobora guhindurwa na catalizator.
MDI cyangwa PAPI
Imikorere yacyo iri hagati ya 2.5 na 2.8, kandi ikoreshwa muri rusange ifuro.Mu myaka yashize, kubera impamvu z’ibiciro, yanakoreshejwe ku isoko ryoroshye rya furo, ariko twakagombye kumenya ko kubera imikorere yaryo yo hejuru, ni ngombwa kugabanya ingano yo guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera.Umukozi uhuriweho, cyangwa wongere plastike yimbere.
Umufasha
umusemburo
Cataliste ifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri polyurethane ifuro, kandi hamwe nayo, umusaruro wihuse mubushyuhe bwicyumba urashobora kugerwaho.Hariho ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi bya catalizator: amine ya gatatu na catalizator yicyuma, nka triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, nibindi, byose ni ibya catalizike ya amine, mugihe octoate itangaje, diametine diamine, nibindi bya Dibutyltin laurate, potassium acetate. , potasiyumu octoate, bismuth kama, nibindi nibikoresho bya catalizator.Kugeza ubu, ubwoko butandukanye bwatinze-ubwoko, trimerisation-ubwoko, bugoye-nubwoko buke-VOC bwubwoko bwa catalizator bwatejwe imbere, nabwo bushingiye kumoko yavuzwe haruguru.
Kurugero, urukurikirane rwa Dabco rwibicuruzwa bya gaze, ibikoresho fatizo ni triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV irimo 33% triethylenediamine / 67% dipropilene glycol
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine irimo 20% / DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine irimo 25% / butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine / aside yatinze
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine irimo 33% / Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR ikurikirana
l Dabco 8264 Ibibyimba byinshi, Cataliste iringaniye
l Dabco XDM impumuro mbi
Dukurikije imiterere ya catalizator nyinshi, tugomba mbere na mbere gusobanukirwa ibiranga catalizator zitandukanye n'amahame yabo y'akazi kugirango tubone uburinganire bwa sisitemu ya polyurethane, ni ukuvuga uburinganire buri hagati yumuvuduko mwinshi n umuvuduko wa gelation;impirimbanyi hagati yumuvuduko wa gelation nigipimo cyo kubira ifuro, hamwe n umuvuduko wihuta Umuvuduko nuburinganire bwibintu, nibindi.
Ibyuma bitanga ibyuma byose ni ubwoko bwa gel.Ubwoko bwa tin-cataliste isanzwe ifite ingaruka nziza ya gel, ariko ibibi byayo nuko idashobora kurwanya hydrolysis kandi ikaba idafite ubukana bwumuriro.Kugaragara vuba kwa catisale ya bismuth bigomba gukurura ibitekerezo.Ntabwo ifite imikorere ya tin cataliste gusa, ahubwo ifite na hydrolysis nziza yo kurwanya no gusaza ubushyuhe, bukwiranye cyane nibikoresho.
stabilisateur
Ifite uruhare rwo kwigana ibikoresho byifuro, guhagarika ifuro no guhindura selile, kandi bikongerera ubwisanzure bwa buri kintu, gifasha mukurema ibibyimba, bikagenzura ubunini nuburinganire bwakagari, kandi bigatera imbere kuringaniza impagarara.Inkuta ziroroshye kugirango zigumane selile kandi zirinde gusenyuka.Nubwo ingano ya stabilisateur ifuro ari nto, igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya selile, imiterere yumubiri nuburyo bwo gukora bwa PU byoroshye.
Kugeza ubu, silicone irwanya hydrolysis / polyoxyalkylene ether block oligomers ikoreshwa mubushinwa.Bitewe no gukoresha sisitemu zitandukanye, igipimo cyigice cya hydrophobi / igice cya hydrophilique kiratandukanye, kandi ihinduka ryurunigi ruhuza impera yimiterere iratandukanye., kubyara silicon stabilisateur kubicuruzwa bitandukanye.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo stabilisateur ya furo, ugomba kumva imikorere yayo nimirimo yayo, ntukayibagirwe, ntukayikoreshe utarobanuye, kandi utere ingaruka mbi.Kurugero, amavuta yoroshye ya silicone ya silicone ntashobora gukoreshwa kuma furo-yihanganira cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera kugabanuka kwifuro, kandi amavuta ya silicone yihanganira cyane ntashobora gukoreshwa kugirango abuze ifuro ryoroshye, bitabaye ibyo bizatera gusenyuka.
Bitewe no gukingira ibidukikije, inganda zimodoka nibikoresho byo mu nzu bisaba ibicuruzwa bifite atomisiyasi nkeya nagaciro ka VOC.Ibigo bitandukanye byateje imbere atomisiyasi nkeya hamwe na VOC ifite agaciro gake ya stabilisateur, nka Dabco DC6070 yatangijwe na Gas Products Company, ikaba ari amavuta make ya silisiyumu ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ya TDI.;Dabco DC2525 ni amavuta ya silicone yuzuye ya sisitemu ya MDI.
umukozi
Umuti wifuro wa PU woroshye cyane ni amazi, wunganirwa nibindi bintu bifata ifuro.Mu kubyara ifuro ryinshi, urebye ubwinshi bwamazi mubicuruzwa bidafite ubukana buke, akenshi birenga ibice 4.5 kubice 100 bizatera ubushyuhe bwimbere bwifuro kuzamuka, burenga 170 ~ 180 ° C, bikaviramo gutwikwa kwizana kwa ifuro, hamwe na hydrocarubone itetse cyane igomba gukoreshwa.Umwe afasha kugabanya ubucucike, undi akuraho ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa reaction.Mu minsi ya mbere, hakoreshejwe amazi / F11.Kubera ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije, F11 yarabujijwe.Kugeza ubu, amazi menshi yinzibacyuho / ibicuruzwa bya dichloromethane hamwe namazi / HCFC-141b bikoreshwa.Kuberako ibicuruzwa bya dichloromethane nabyo byanduza ikirere, ni kamere yinzibacyuho, mugihe ibicuruzwa bya seriveri ya HFC: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, nibindi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byuruhererekane rwa cyclopentane byose byangiza ibidukikije, ariko ibyambere bihenze nibindi byaka, bityo rero Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibikenewe byo kugabanya urugero rwubushyuhe, abantu batangije uburyo bushya, ikoranabuhanga ribi ryogukoresha ifuro, tekinoroji yo gukonjesha ku gahato hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya CO2 ryamazi kugirango bakemure ikibazo, ikigamijwe ni ukugabanya amazi cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe bwimbere ya ifuro.
Ndasaba ikoranabuhanga rya CO2 ryamazi yo kubyara ibicuruzwa byinshi, bikwiranye ninganda nto n'iziciriritse.Muri tekinoroji ya LCO2, ibice 4 bya LCO2 bihwanye nibice 13 bya MC.Isano iri hagati yo gukoresha amazi na CO2 yamazi yakoreshejwe mu kubyara ifuro yubucucike butandukanye Ubwinshi bwa Foam, kg / m3 amazi, ibice na misa LCO2, ibice na MC ihwanye na MC, ibice kubwinshi
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
flame retardant
Flade retardant no kwirinda umuriro nicyo abantu bahangayikishije igihe cyose.igihugu cyanjye gishya cyasohoye "Ibisabwa nubuziranenge bwo gutwika ibicuruzwa bya Flame Retardant Products hamwe nibigize ahantu rusange" GB20286-2006 ifite ibyangombwa bishya byo kubura umuriro.Kuri flame retardant icyiciro cya 1 ifuro Ibisabwa bya plastike: a), igipimo cyo kurekura ubushyuhe ≤ 250KW / m2;b), impuzandengo yo gutwika ≤ 30s, uburebure bwo gutwika ≤ 250mm;c), igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'umwotsi (SDR) ≤ 75;d), urwego rwuburozi bwumwotsi Ntabwo ruri munsi ya 2A2.
Nukuvuga: ibintu bitatu bigomba kwitabwaho: flame retardant, umwotsi muke, nuburozi buke bwumwotsi.Kugirango dushyire ahagaragara ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango hatorwe umuriro, nkurikije ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru, ndizera ko ari byiza guhitamo ubwoko bushobora gukora karubone yuzuye kandi ikarekura umwotsi udafite uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke.Kugeza ubu, birakwiriye cyane gukoresha fosifate ester ishingiye kuri molekuline ifite uburemere buke bwa flame retardants, cyangwa hydrocarbone ya halogen idafite amavuta ya hydrocarbone ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe butandukanye, nibindi. cyangwa azote heterocyclic flame retardant Umuti nukuri.
ikindi
Ibindi byongeweho cyane cyane birimo: gufungura pore, guhuza imiyoboro, antioxydants, anti-fogging, nibindi. Mugihe uhitamo, ingaruka zinyongera kumikorere yibicuruzwa bya PU zigomba gutekerezwa, hamwe nuburozi bwacyo, kwimuka, guhuza, nibindi. . Ikibazo.
Ibicuruzwa 5
Kugirango turusheho gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yimikorere nimikorere ya PU yoroshye ifuro, ingero nyinshi zihagarariye zitangirwa kubisobanuro:
1. Inzira isanzwe nibintu bya blok polyether PU yoroshye ifuro
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80 / 20 46.0pbw Catalizator ya Organotine 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalizator 0.2pbw Silicon ifuro stabilisateur 1.0pbw Amazi 3.6pbw Umukozi ufatanya ifuro 0 ~ 12pbw Ibyiza: Ubucucike bwa furo, kg / m3 22.4 Imbaraga zingana, kpa 96.3 Imbaraga zamarira, N / m 385 Gushiraho gushiraho, 50% 6 90% 6 Umutwaro wa Cavitation, kg (38cm × 35,6cm × 10cm) Guhindura 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Kugwa kumupira kugwa,% 38 Mu myaka yashize, kugirango duhuze na ibikenewe ku isoko, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bitanga umusaruro muke (10kg / m3) ifuro.Mugihe utanga ultra-low-density flexible foam, ntabwo ari ukongera gusa ibibyimba byinshi hamwe nubufasha bwa furo.Ibishobora gukorwa bigomba kandi guhuzwa hamwe na silicon ya surfactant igereranije cyane.
Umusaruro wubucucike bukabije ultra-hasi-yubucucike bwimikorere ifuro ifatika: izina hagati yubucucike buke-bucye cyane ultra-low density
Agasanduku gakomeje agasanduku gahoraho agasanduku polyeri poly100 100100100100100 Amazi 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 catalizator 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.21.11.93.8 Octoate ya Stannous 0.250.280.350.360.40 Umukozi 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI. .0103.0 Ubucucike, kg / m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Ifumbire ya cilindrical: EO / PO ubwoko bwa polyether polyol (OH: 56) 100pbw Amazi 6.43pbw MC ifuro ya 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalizator A230 0.44pbw Stannous octoate D19 0.85pbw TDI80 / 20 index 0.99 Dosage 139pb kg / m3 7.5
2. Amazi ya CO2 yo gufatanya ifuro kugirango akore ifuro rito
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Amazi 4.9 5.2 Amazi ya CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalizator A133 0.28 0.30 Octoate Stannous 0.14 0.17 Ikirinda umuriro DE60F 0 114 TDI 80/20 Ubucucike bwa furo, kg / m3 16 16
Inzira isanzwe niyi ikurikira: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Amazi 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalizator A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Octoate Stannous D19 0.20pbw TDI80 / 20 index 110 Ubucucike bwinshi, kg / m3 14.0 ~ 16.5
3. MDI yuzuye yuzuye ya polyurethane yoroheje ifuro
Ifuro ryoroshye rya PU ryubatswe rikoreshwa cyane mugukora intebe yimodoka.Kugabanya ubucucike bitagize ingaruka kumiterere nintego yiterambere.
Inzira: Ibikorwa byinshi polyether (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH / g) 80pbw Polymer polyol (OH: 23 ~ 27mgKOH / g) 20pbw Umukozi uhuza 0 ~ 3pbw Amazi 4.0pbw Amine catalizator A-33 2.8pbw Igikorwa cyubuso bwamavuta ya silicone B8716 1.0 pbw MDI indangagaciro 90pbw Imikorere: Ubucucike bwikigo cya kopi 34.5kg / m3 Ubukomezi ILD25% 15.0kg / 314cm2 Imbaraga zamarira 0.8kg / cm Imbaraga zingana 1.34kg / cm2 Kurambura 120% Igipimo cyisubiramo 62% Gushiraho burundu (Kuma) 5.0% (Wet) 13.5%
4. Ubucucike buke, MDI yuzuye ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije
Homologue ya MDI isukuye: M50 - ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa bya 4,4′MDI 50% 2,4′MDI 50%, birashobora kubira ifumbire yubushyuhe bwicyumba, kunoza amazi, kugabanya ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa, no kugabanya uburemere bwibinyabiziga, aribyo byiringiro cyane.Igicuruzwa:
Gutegura: Polyol ikora cyane (OH: 28mgKOH / g) 95pbw 310 Umufasha * 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw A-1 0.1pbw Amazi 3.5pbw Cyanate index M50 50pbw 8
Imiterere yumubiri: Gushushanya igihe (s) 62 Igihe cyo kuzamuka (s) 98 Ubwinshi bwifuro yubusa, kg / m3 32.7 Gutandukanya imitwaro yo kwikuramo, kpa: 40% 1.5 Kurambura,% 180 Imbaraga zamarira, N / m 220
Icyitonderwa: * 310 Umufasha: Ndabigurisha, ni umuguzi udasanzwe.
5. Kwihangana gukomeye, kugenda neza PU ifuro
Vuba aha, isoko ryasabye ko imiterere yumubiri wimyanya myinshi itagihinduka, ariko abantu ntibazagira umunaniro nindwara yimitsi yicaye neza nyuma yo gutwara igihe kirekire.Nyuma yubushakashatsi, ingingo zimbere zumubiri wumuntu, cyane cyane igifu, zifite inshuro zigera kuri 6Hz.Niba resonance ibaye, bizatera isesemi no kuruka.
Mubisanzwe, ihererekanyabubasha ryimyanya myinshi ya 6Hz ni 1.1 ~ 1.3, nukuvuga ko iyo ikinyabiziga gikora, ntigicika intege ariko cyiyongera, kandi nibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugabanya kunyeganyega kugeza 0.8 ~ 0.9.Ibicuruzwa byateguwe ubu birasabwa, kandi 6Hz yohereza vibrasiya iri kurwego rwa 0.5 ~ 0.55.
Gutegura: Igikorwa kinini polyether polyol (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Cataliste ya amine cataliste, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Cataliste ya amine cataliste, Minico TMDA 0.15pbw Amazi 3.6pbw Isocyanate prepolymer (NCO% = 29.7%)
Imiterere yumubiri: Muri rusange ubucucike, kg / m3 48.0 25% ILD, kg / 314cm2 19.9 Kwisubiraho,% 74 50% kwikuramo
Imbaraga zo Kugabanuka, (Kuma) 1.9 (Itose) 2.5 6Hz Ihererekanyabubasha 0.55
6. Buhoro buhoro cyangwa ifuro rya viscoelastic
Icyitwa buhoro-gisubiramo PU ifuro bivuga ifuro ridasubizwa mumiterere yumwimerere ako kanya nyuma yuko ifuro ihinduwe nimbaraga zo hanze, ariko igasubizwa buhoro buhoro idafite isura isigaye.Ifite umusego mwiza, gusohora amajwi, gufunga nibindi bintu.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga urusaku rwa moteri yimodoka, gusubiza inyuma itapi, ibikinisho byabana n umusego wubuvuzi.
Urugero rwintangarugero: Igikorwa kinini polyether (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60 ~ 40 pbw Kwambukiranya ZY-108 * 80 ~ 100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalizator 1.8 ~ 2.5 pbw Amazi 1.6 ~ 2.2 pbw Isocyanate index * . A 18 ~ 15 Amarira amarira, kN / m 0.87 ~ 0,76 Kurambura,% 90 ~ 130 Igipimo cyo kugaruka,% 9 ~ 7 Igihe cyo gukira, amasegonda 7 ~ 10
7. Ubwoko bwa polyether ubwoko bwuruhu rwa microcellular ifuro irwanya umunaniro wa flex inshuro miriyoni
Ifuro irashobora gukoreshwa kuri PU hamwe ninziga
实例 ： DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44,72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇 6.0 pbw 催化剂 Dabco EG 1.8 pbw A-1 0.3 pbw Dabco1027 0.3 pbw 硅 表面 0. pbw Amazi 0.44 pbw Yahinduwe MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Imiterere yumubiri: Ubucucike bwa furo: hafi 0.5g ∕ cm3 def-guhindagura umukandara, KCS 35 ～ 50, byiza cyane
8. Flame retardant, umwotsi muke, kwihanganira ifuro ryinshi
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubukungu bwigihugu, amashami atandukanye afite byinshi bisabwa kandi bisabwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bitagira umuriro bibuze cyane cyane indege, imodoka, imodoka zitwara abagenzi byihuse, na sofa yo murugo, nibindi Nontoxic.
Urebye uko ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, umwanditsi na bagenzi be bakoze igipimo cyo kwirinda umuriro (indangagaciro ya ogisijeni 28 ~ 30%), ifite ubucucike buke cyane (agaciro mpuzamahanga ni 74, kandi iki gicuruzwa ni nka 50), kandi gusubiramo ifuro ntigihinduka.Bitanga umwotsi wera.
Urugero rwintangarugero: YB-3081 flame retardant polyether 50 pbw Igikorwa kinini polyether (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8 ~ 1.0 pbw Amazi 2.4 ~ 2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5 ~ 3 pbw Catalizator A-1 nibindi 0.6 ~ 1.1 pbw isocyanate index 1.05
Imiterere yumubiri: Ubucucike bwa furo, kg / m3 ≥50 Imbaraga zo kwikuramo, kPa 5.5 Imbaraga zingutu, kPa 124 Igipimo cyo kugaruka,% ≥60 Guhindura ihindagurika, 75% ≤8 Indangantego ya Oxygene, OI% ≥ 28 Ubucucike bwumwotsi ≤50
9. Amazi nikintu kibira ifuro, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije-uruhu rwinshi
HCFC-141b ifata ifuro yabujijwe burundu mubihugu byamahanga.Umukozi wa CP ifuro irashya.HFC-245fa na HFC-365mfc ibibyimba birahenze kandi ntibyemewe.Uruhu.Mu bihe byashize, abakozi ba PU mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bitaye gusa ku guhindura polyether na isocyanate, bityo ubuso bwa furo ntibusobanutse kandi ubucucike bwari hejuru.
Gushiraho formulaire ubu birasabwa, birangwa na:
l Ibanze shingiro polyol ntigihinduka, kandi Mn5000 cyangwa 6000 isanzwe irakoreshwa.·
l Isocyanate ntigihinduka, C-MDI, PAPI cyangwa MDI yahinduwe irashobora gukoreshwa.
Koresha inyongera idasanzwe SH-140 kugirango ukemure ikibazo.·
Inzira y'ibanze:
l Igikorwa kinini polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140 * 35pbw
Kwagura urunigi: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Umukozi uhuza: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Umukozi ufungura: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalizator A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l Ibara ryamabara akwiye l Amazi 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Icyitonderwa: * SH-140 nibicuruzwa byacu.
Imiterere yumubiri: ubucucike rusange bwifuro ni 340 ~ 350kg / m3
Ibicuruzwa: ubuso bworoshye, igikonjo gisobanutse, ubucucike buke.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-12-2022